目录：

• 表结构
• sql练习

1、表结构

1 SET NAMES utf8;  2 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;  3   4 -- ----------------------------  5 --  Table structure for `class`  6 -- ----------------------------  7 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class`;  8 CREATE TABLE `class` (  9   `cid` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 10   `caption` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL, 11   PRIMARY KEY (`cid`) 12 ) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 13  14 -- ---------------------------- 15 --  Records of `class` 16 -- ---------------------------- 17 BEGIN; 18 INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('1', '三年二班'), ('2', '三年三班'), ('3', '一年二班'), ('4', '二年九班'); 19 COMMIT; 20  21 -- ---------------------------- 22 --  Table structure for `course` 23 -- ---------------------------- 24 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`; 25 CREATE TABLE `course` ( 26   `cid` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 27   `cname` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL, 28   `teacher_id` INT(11) NOT NULL, 29   PRIMARY KEY (`cid`), 30   KEY `fk_course_teacher` (`teacher_id`), 31   CONSTRAINT `fk_course_teacher` FOREIGN KEY (`teacher_id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`tid`) 32 ) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 33  34 -- ---------------------------- 35 --  Records of `course` 36 -- ---------------------------- 37 BEGIN; 38 INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('1', '生物', '1'), ('2', '物理', '2'), ('3', '体育', '3'), ('4', '美术', '2'); 39 COMMIT; 40  41 -- ---------------------------- 42 --  Table structure for `score` 43 -- ---------------------------- 44 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `score`; 45 CREATE TABLE `score` ( 46   `sid` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 47   `student_id` INT(11) NOT NULL, 48   `course_id` INT(11) NOT NULL, 49   `num` INT(11) NOT NULL, 50   PRIMARY KEY (`sid`), 51   KEY `fk_score_student` (`student_id`), 52   KEY `fk_score_course` (`course_id`), 53   CONSTRAINT `fk_score_course` FOREIGN KEY (`course_id`) REFERENCES `course` (`cid`), 54   CONSTRAINT `fk_score_student` FOREIGN KEY (`student_id`) REFERENCES `student` (`sid`) 55 ) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=53 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 56  57 -- ---------------------------- 58 --  Records of `score` 59 -- ---------------------------- 60 BEGIN; 61 INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('1', '1', '1', '10'), ('2', '1', '2', '9'), ('5', '1', '4', '66'), ('6', '2', '1', '8'), ('8', '2', '3', '68'), ('9', '2', '4', '99'), ('10', '3', '1', '77'), ('11', '3', '2', '66'), ('12', '3', '3', '87'), ('13', '3', '4', '99'), ('14', '4', '1', '79'), ('15', '4', '2', '11'), ('16', '4', '3', '67'), ('17', '4', '4', '100'), ('18', '5', '1', '79'), ('19', '5', '2', '11'), ('20', '5', '3', '67'), ('21', '5', '4', '100'), ('22', '6', '1', '9'), ('23', '6', '2', '100'), ('24', '6', '3', '67'), ('25', '6', '4', '100'), ('26', '7', '1', '9'), ('27', '7', '2', '100'), ('28', '7', '3', '67'), ('29', '7', '4', '88'), ('30', '8', '1', '9'), ('31', '8', '2', '100'), ('32', '8', '3', '67'), ('33', '8', '4', '88'), ('34', '9', '1', '91'), ('35', '9', '2', '88'), ('36', '9', '3', '67'), ('37', '9', '4', '22'), ('38', '10', '1', '90'), ('39', '10', '2', '77'), ('40', '10', '3', '43'), ('41', '10', '4', '87'), ('42', '11', '1', '90'), ('43', '11', '2', '77'), ('44', '11', '3', '43'), ('45', '11', '4', '87'), ('46', '12', '1', '90'), ('47', '12', '2', '77'), ('48', '12', '3', '43'), ('49', '12', '4', '87'), ('52', '13', '3', '87'); 62 COMMIT; 63  64 -- ---------------------------- 65 --  Table structure for `student` 66 -- ---------------------------- 67 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`; 68 CREATE TABLE `student` ( 69   `sid` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 70   `gender` CHAR(1) NOT NULL, 71   `class_id` INT(11) NOT NULL, 72   `sname` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL, 73   PRIMARY KEY (`sid`), 74   KEY `fk_class` (`class_id`), 75   CONSTRAINT `fk_class` FOREIGN KEY (`class_id`) REFERENCES `class` (`cid`) 76 ) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=17 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 77  78 -- ---------------------------- 79 --  Records of `student` 80 -- ---------------------------- 81 BEGIN; 82 INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('1', '男', '1', '理解'), ('2', '女', '1', '钢蛋'), ('3', '男', '1', '张三'), ('4', '男', '1', '张一'), ('5', '女', '1', '张二'), ('6', '男', '1', '张四'), ('7', '女', '2', '铁锤'), ('8', '男', '2', '李三'), ('9', '男', '2', '李一'), ('10', '女', '2', '李二'), ('11', '男', '2', '李四'), ('12', '女', '3', '如花'), ('13', '男', '3', '刘三'), ('14', '男', '3', '刘一'), ('15', '女', '3', '刘二'), ('16', '男', '3', '刘四'); 83 COMMIT; 84  85 -- ---------------------------- 86 --  Table structure for `teacher` 87 -- ---------------------------- 88 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`; 89 CREATE TABLE `teacher` ( 90   `tid` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 91   `tname` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL, 92   PRIMARY KEY (`tid`) 93 ) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 94  95 -- ---------------------------- 96 --  Records of `teacher` 97 -- ---------------------------- 98 BEGIN; 99 INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('1', '张磊老师'), ('2', '李平老师'), ('3', '刘海燕老师'), ('4', '朱云海老师'), ('5', '李杰老师');100 COMMIT;101 102 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

2、sql练习

/*

# 生物分数大于物理分数的学生学号

获取所有有生物课程的人（学号，成绩） - 临时表

获取所有有物理课程的人（学号，成绩） - 临时表

根据【学号】连接两个临时表：

学号 物理成绩 生物成绩

select a.student_id, a.num as 'sw', b.num as 'wl' from

(select * from score where course_id in (select cid from course where cname = '生物')) a

left join

(SELECT * FROM score WHERE course_id IN (SELECT cid FROM course WHERE cname = '物理')) b

on a.student_id = b.student_id where a.num > b.num

select A.student_id,sw,ty from

(select student_id,num as sw from score left join course on score.course_id = course.cid where course.cname = '生物') as A

left join

(select student_id,num as ty from score left join course on score.course_id = course.cid where course.cname = '体育') as B

on A.student_id = B.student_id where sw > if(isnull(ty),0,ty);

*/

# 查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩;

-- select student_id, avg(num) from score group by student_id having avg(num) > 60

# 查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩

-- select a.student_id, b.sname, count(a.course_id), sum(a.num) from score a

-- left join student b on a.student_id = b.sid

-- GROUP BY a.student_id

# 查询姓“李”的老师的个数

-- select count(tid) from teacher where tname like "李%"

-- ?? select count(1) from (select tid from teacher where tname like '李%') as B

/*

# 查询没学过“李平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名

select sid,sname from student where sid not in (

select student_id from score

where course_id IN

(select cid from course where teacher_id in (SELECT tid FROM teacher WHERE tname = '李平老师')))

# DISTINCT 字段进行去重处理，符合预期期望

select * from student where sid not in (

select DISTINCT student_id from score where score.course_id in (

select cid from course left join teacher on course.teacher_id = teacher.tid where tname = '李平老师'

))

*/

/*

# 查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名；

思路：

先查到既选择001又选择002课程的所有同学

根据学生进行分组，如果学生数量等于2表示，两门均已选择

select a.sid, a.sname,b.num from

(select student_id, count(course_id) as num from score where course_id = 1 or course_id = 2 GROUP BY student_id) b

left join student a on b.student_id = a.sid where b.num = 2;

select student_id,sname from

(select student_id,course_id from score where course_id = 1 or course_id = 2) as B

left join student on B.student_id = student.sid group by student_id HAVING count(student_id) > 1

*/

/*

查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名；

同上，只不过将001和002变成 in (叶平老师的所有课)

*/

/*

查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名；

同第1题

*/

/*

查询有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名；

select sid,sname from student where sid in (

select distinct student_id from score where num < 60

)

*/

/*查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名；

思路：

在分数表中根据学生进行分组，获取每一个学生选课数量

如果数量 == 总课程数量，表示已经选择了所有课程

select sid,sname from student where sid not in (

select student_id from score group by student_id having COUNT(course_id) =

(select count(cid) from class))

select student_id,sname

from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid

group by student_id HAVING count(course_id) = (select count(1) from course)

*/

/*

查询至少有一门课与学号为“001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名；

思路：

获取 001 同学选择的所有课程

获取课程在其中的所有人以及所有课程

根据学生筛选，获取所有学生信息

再与学生表连接，获取姓名

select student_id, sname, count(course_id)

from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid

where student_id != 1 and course_id in (select course_id from score where student_id = 1) group by student_id;

*/

/*

查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有课的其他同学学号和姓名；

先找到和001的学过的所有人

然后个数 ＝ 001所有学科 ＝＝》 其他人可能选择的更多

select student_id,sname, count(course_id)

from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid

where student_id != 1 and course_id in (select course_id from score where student_id = 1)

group by student_id having count(course_id) >= (select count(course_id) from score where student_id = 1)

*/

/*

查询和“002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名；

个数相同

002学过的也学过

select student_id,sname from score left join student on score.student_id = student.sid where student_id in (

select student_id from score where student_id != 1 group by student_id

HAVING count(course_id) = (select count(1) from score where student_id = 1))

and course_id in (select course_id from score where student_id = 1) group by student_id

HAVING count(course_id) = (select count(1) from score where student_id = 1)

*/

/*

删除学习“叶平”老师课的score表记录；

delete from score where course_id in (

select cid from course left join teacher on course.teacher_id = teacher.tid where teacher.name = '叶平'

)

*/

/*

向SC表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：①没有上过编号“002”课程的同学学号；②插入“002”号课程的平均成绩；

思路：

由于insert 支持

inset into tb1(xx,xx) select x1,x2 from tb2;

所有，获取所有没上过002课的所有人，获取002的平均成绩

insert into score(student_id, course_id, num) select sid,2,(select avg(num) from score where course_id =2)

from student where sid not in (select student_id from score where course_id = 2)

*/

/*

按平均成绩从低到高 显示所有学生的“语文”、“数学”、“英语”三门的课程成绩，按如下形式显示：

学生ID,语文,数学,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分；

select sc.student_id,

(select num from score left join course on score.course_id = course.cid where course.cname = "生物" and score.student_id=sc.student_id) as sy,

(select num from score left join course on score.course_id = course.cid where course.cname = "物理" and score.student_id=sc.student_id) as wl,

(select num from score left join course on score.course_id = course.cid where course.cname = "体育" and score.student_id=sc.student_id) as ty,

count(sc.course_id),

avg(sc.num)

from score as sc

group by student_id order by AVG(sc.num) asc;

*/

/*

查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分；

SELECT course_id, MAX(num) AS max_num, MIN(num) AS min_num FROM score GROUP BY course_id;

*/

/*

按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序；

思路：case when .. then

SELECT course_id, AVG(num) AS avgnum,SUM(CASE WHEN score.num > 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(1)*100 AS percent

FROM score GROUP BY course_id ORDER BY avgnum ASC,percent DESC;

*/

 

/*

课程平均分从高到低显示（现实任课老师）；

 

    

select 

avg

(if(

isnull

(score.num),0,score.num)),teacher.tname 

from 

course

    

left 

join 

score 

on 

course.cid = score.course_id

    

left 

join 

teacher 

on 

course.teacher_id = teacher.tid

 

    

group 

by 

score.course_id

 */

 

/*

查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)

    

select 

score.sid,score.course_id,score.num,T.first_num,T.second_num 

from 

score 

left 

join

    

(

    

select

        

sid,

        

(

select 

num 

from 

score 

as 

s2 

where 

s2.course_id = s1.course_id 

order 

by 

num 

desc 

limit 0,1) 

as 

first_num,

        

(

select 

num 

from 

score 

as 

s2 

where 

s2.course_id = s1.course_id 

order 

by 

num 

desc 

limit 3,1) 

as 

second_num

    

from

        

score 

as 

s1

    

) 

as 

T

    

on 

score.sid =T.sid

    

where 

score.num <= T.first_num 

and 

score.num >= T.second_num

*/ 

 

/*

查询每门课程被选修的学生数；

     

    

select 

course_id, 

count

(1) 

from 

score 

group 

by 

course_id;

*/ 

 

/*

查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名；

    

select 

student.sid, student.sname, 

count

(1) 

from 

score

 

    

left 

join 

student 

on 

score.student_id  = student.sid

 

     

group 

by 

course_id 

having 

count

(1) = 1

*/ 

 

/*

查询男生、女生的人数；

    

select 

* 

from

    

(

select 

count

(1) 

as 

man 

from 

student 

where 

gender=

'男'

) 

as 

A ,

    

(

select 

count

(1) 

as 

feman 

from 

student 

where 

gender=

'女'

) 

as 

B

*/

 

/*

查询姓“张”的学生名单；

    

select 

sname 

from 

student 

where 

sname 

like 

'张%'

;

*/ 

 

/*

查询同名同姓学生名单，并统计同名人数；

 

    

select 

sname,

count

(1) 

as 

count 

from 

student 

group 

by 

sname;

*/ 

 

/*

查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列；

    

select 

course_id,

avg

(if(

isnull

(num), 0 ,num)) 

as 

avg 

from 

score 

group 

by 

course_id 

order 

by 

avg     

asc

,course_id 

desc

;

*/

 

/* 

查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩；

 

    

select 

student_id,sname, 

avg

(if(

isnull

(num), 0 ,num)) 

from 

score 

left 

join 

student 

on 

score.student_id = student.sid 

group 

by 

student_id;

 */

/*

查询课程名称为“数学”，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数；

 

    

select 

student.sname,score.num 

from 

score

    

left 

join 

course 

on 

score.course_id = course.cid

    

left 

join 

student 

on 

score.student_id = student.sid

    

where 

score.num < 60 

and 

course.cname = 

'生物'

 */

 

/*

查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名；

    

select 

* 

from 

score 

where 

score.student_id = 3 

and 

score.num > 80

*/

 

 

/*

求选了课程的学生人数

*/

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT student_id) AS c FROM score

/*

查询选修“杨艳”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩；

*/

SELECT sname,num FROM score

LEFT JOIN student ON score.student_id = student.`sid`

WHERE score.course_id IN

(SELECT course.cid FROM course LEFT JOIN teacher ON course.`teacher_id`= teacher.tid WHERE teacher.tname='张磊老师')

ORDER BY num DESC LIMIT 1;

/*

查询各个课程及相应的选修人数；

*/

SELECT a.course_id, b.`cname`,COUNT(1) FROM score AS a INNER JOIN course AS b ON a.`course_id`= b.`cid` GROUP BY course_id;

/*

查询不同课程但成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩；

*/

SELECT DISTINCT s1.`student_id`,s2.`student_id`,s1.course_id,s2.course_id,s1.num,s2.num

FROM score AS s1, score AS s2

WHERE s1.num = s2.num AND s1.`student_id` != s2.`student_id`;

SELECT a.`student_id`,cc.`student_id`,a.course_id,cc.course_id,a.num,cc.num

FROM score AS a

INNER JOIN (SELECT student_id,course_id,num FROM score) AS cc ON a.num=cc.num AND a.student_id!= cc.student_id

/*

查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名；

*/

SELECT score.sid,score.course_id,T.first_num,T.second_num FROM score LEFT JOIN

(

SELECT

sid,

(SELECT num FROM score AS s2 WHERE s2.course_id = s1.course_id ORDER BY num DESC LIMIT 0,1) AS first_num,

(SELECT num FROM score AS s2 WHERE s2.course_id = s1.course_id ORDER BY num DESC LIMIT 1,1) AS second_num

FROM

score AS s1

) AS T

ON score.sid =T.sid

WHERE score.num <= T.first_num AND score.num >= T.second_num

/*

检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号；

*/

SELECT student_id FROM score GROUP BY student_id HAVING COUNT(student_id) > 1

/*

查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名；

*/

SELECT course_id,COUNT(1) FROM score GROUP BY course_id HAVING COUNT(1) = (SELECT COUNT(1) FROM student);

/*

查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名；

*/

SELECT student_id,student.sname FROM score

LEFT JOIN student ON score.student_id = student.sid

WHERE score.course_id NOT IN (

SELECT cid FROM course LEFT JOIN teacher ON course.teacher_id = teacher.tid WHERE tname = '张磊老师'

)

GROUP BY student_id

/*

查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩；

*/

SELECT student_id,COUNT(1) FROM score WHERE num < 60 GROUP BY student_id HAVING COUNT(1) > 2

/*

检索“004”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的同学学号；

*/

SELECT student_id FROM score WHERE num< 60 AND course_id = 4 ORDER BY num DESC;

/*

删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩；

*/

DELETE FROM score WHERE course_id = 1 AND student_id = 2